Beethoven was extremely modern for his time. But his modernism did not accord so much with the image that people subsequently formed of that period. In posthumous editions, one often tried to temper that modernism. Thus the dynamic contrasts were watered down by the superfluous addition of transitional dynamics. But Beethoven's music is dramatic, daring and typical of the man himself. His music could therefore be experienced as shocking. One example: at the end of the Turkish March in the Finale, the 'Turkish' percussion instruments thunder over the soloists, chorus and the entire orchestra, setting them to flight: the fugue...